Hope is Scarce: Designing an Orphanage to Create a Sense of Belonging

When a child comes to life without the guidance of a mother and a father, they are sentenced to grow up in places where they can’t perceive as “home”. A child being placed in a situation where they live without their parents is not the ideal location for self-development. According to research, there are 2 million children in Mozambique who are living without their biological parents, and they are forced to child labor (22%), early child marriage (48%), violence (33.3%), prostitution (22%), and early childbearing (52%) along with mental health issues. The primary school graduation rate in Mozambique is only 48%. There are thousands of children without an educational background and because of that, there are lots of uneducated orphans who have no purpose in life. Now the question is, “How can we protect some of these innocent children from these very possible threats and give them a purpose, along with an occupation in life?“ My thesis is concerned with how architecture, space, and nature can provide safety, shelter, entertainment, and a sense of belonging to a space to the orphan children in Maputo, Mozambique. The design I have brought to life will allow these children to feel at home and encounter with the environment , which is very important for their well-being and health. I will be creating an environment that encourages bodily engagement, playful sensory exploration, and a flawless connection to the surrounding natural environment. The project site is located in the city of Maputo, by the Indian Ocean. The site is surrounded by both environmental and developing urban settings. The age group I will be targeting in my thesis is orphans from 10-15 years old. The ultimate goal is to create an orphan village that will embrace the children and provide them a space where they call “home”

See Me: How architecture can change our care of the elderly and orphaned

According to a 2017 study published by the child welfare department of the government, “there were an estimated 442,995 children in foster care” (Welfare). This is in America alone and not calculating the number of children in orphanages across the world. Additionally, in a report from the CDC, there is almost 1.3 million residents of nursing homes as of 2015. Again, this is in America alone and not accounting for the global number. The census departments average the national population to be roughly 329 million. This means that a little over 1% of the population is in nursing homes and 0.5% is in the foster care system. While the percentages may not look high, this is a large number of men, women, and children. So, why don’t we have better infrastructure in place to care for these groups. Throughout the course of this thesis, I intend to study the statistics and collect data to understand how many people fall into these two groups, understand their needs, their current conditions, what can be made better, and better understand the role architecture plays in their lives. Methods of research will include a variety of avenues. From the traditional sense, of reading scholarly articles and statistics, to interviews with those who have experience in these areas or who have experienced (are experiencing) these conditions themselves. The latter method allows me to get into the mind of someone who has firsthand experience and can share in what ways they think things can be improved. From an architectural standpoint, interviewing designers on projects such as group homes (for the foster care system) and nursing facilities (for the elderly) will allow for the investigation of what methods are taken to improve the lives impacted by these structures. Is cost the only condition considered or is the happiness, health, and wellbeing of the inhabitants considered. Both of these groups are close to me for a number of reasons. I myself was an orphan for the first year and half of my life. My sisters were also orphaned at birth. We all spent a period of time at the beginning of our lives in an orphanage. My maternal grandmother moved in with my family when I was 5 years old and lived with us until she passed away. My paternal grandparents were placed in a nursing facility and within 6 months, I watched them decline in health and mental state at a rapid pace. The difference between these two situations made a difference that is unmistakable. Under my mother’s care, my grandmother thrived and never lost her dignity or faculties up until the very end. On the other side, my grandparents in a facility have declined and lost most of their will to live, not even getting out of bed some days. How can we fix these situations and make lives better? How can architecture help

The Architecture of Control: Shaker Dwelling Houses and the Reform Movement in Early-Nineteenth-Century America

By comparing the development of Shaker dwelling houses with the Quaker-led reform of prisons and insane asylums during the Second Great Awakening, this article places Shaker architecture into a larger context of reform in early-nineteenth-century America. In it, I demonstrate how and why the Shakers incorporated ideas from the outside world and applied them to their own buildings as a means to shape and control behavior. An examination of specific structures and contemporary discourses on reform architecture reveals similarities between Shaker buildings and those of mainstream society. In all its villages, the sect reproduced architectural forms largely developed by Shaker leaders in New Lebanon, New York, albeit with regional variations. Dwelling houses, in particular, provide a good idea of what the Shakers hoped to accomplish through their architecture. As the focus of Shaker daily life and worship, the dwellings tell as much about how the Shakers used their buildings and the spaces created by them to try to construct a utopian environment in which all members strove for perfection and individuals subordinated themselves to the good of the whole

Warrant for Scarborough - 1957

https://digitalmaine.com/scarborough_books/1152/thumbnail.jp

Resilience and Fortitude: The Lives of Impoverished Women in Fremantle, Western Australia, 1890-1914

Many impoverished women struggled to raise their children without support in Fremantle, Western Australia, in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. This thesis investigates how these women managed to provide for their children, and keep their families together, at a time when society expected women to be supported by men. The appalling living conditions in the slum areas of Fremantle, which often led to serious health issues that further impacted on women’s struggle for survival, are explored as well as how the denial of legal rights, and harsh community attitudes towards these women, exacerbated already difficult situations. Options such as institutional homes that were available to assist impoverished women and children are also investigated. However, there was a strong stigma in applying to these institutions and women feared being separated from their children. Using primary historical records in Western Australia at the State Library and the State Records Office as well as information from websites such as Ancestry and Trove, census data and personal collections, this thesis focuses on the lives of four impoverished women as examples of the way that women survived. The most common way that impoverished women managed economically at that time was cleaning houses or offices, doing washing or working as a domestic servant, and three of the four women made their living this way. Impoverished women often assisted each other by sharing child-minding and providing limited accommodation. Scant information in the secondary literature exists on how unsupported, impoverished women and their children survived in Fremantle from 1890-1914. Thus, this thesis explores an under-researched part of Fremantle’s history and contributes new knowledge regarding impoverished women’s lives in Western Australia

Comparison of Finnish and Russian indoor climate requirements in residential buildings

People spend more than 80 % of their time indoor. So the indoor climate plays a very important role for human comfort and human health. The main factor indicating good indoor climate in residential premises is a big percentage of satisfied occupants. For the people to feel satisfied in the premises there are special requirements for indoor climate. The main factors that affect occupants are thermal conditions (air temperature, air velocities and air humidity), air quality, lighting and noise. In this work these parameters will be described and requirements for residential buildings will be shown. Finland and Russia have their own guidelines and standards for indoor climate. They are presented in special documents. The main document to describe Finnish requirements is D2 “Indoor climate and venti-lation of buildings regulations and guidelines 2010” /1/. This document is based on European standards, on different guidelines and general regulations, strength structure, insulations, heating, plumbing, air conditioning and energy economy, structural fire safety, general planning of housing, housing constructions. And the main document to describe Russian requirements is “Sanitary rules and norms 2.1.2.1002-00” /2/. This document is based on other different Russian documents such as “Sanitary rules for the content of localities”, “Hygiene requirements for air qualify residential areas”; on hygienic norm “Maximum permissible concentrations of pollutants in the air of populated areas”; on State standard “Residential and public buildings parameters of the indoor environment” etc. The requirements of these documents will be compared and the difference between them will be presented. Also the real situation of indoor climate in real buildings in both countries will be described. And a comparison of this information and conclusion will be shown. This thesis work has five main parts. The first part has information about indoor cli-mate in residential buildings, about effects caused by indoor climate factor on human health. The second part of this thesis describes climate factors: thermal conditions, air flows, air humidity, air impurities, light and noise. The third part covers the documents that give requirements for indoor climate in Finland and Russia. The values of these documents are presented in the tables. The fourth part is a comparison between Finnish and Russian requirements. The values of Finnish and Russian requirements are compared and combined in a common table. The differences between the values are detected. The fifth part describes the real situation of indoor climate in real buildings in both countries. And the results are compared. The conclusion provides an answer to the question: in which country real indoor climate is better and what are the reasons

Tentative #1 Zoning Resolution County Commissioner\u27s District No. 1, Volusia County, Florida

This contains a tentative Zoning Resolution for County Commissioner\u27s District No. 1 for Volusia County, Florida. Dated 4/2/1964. (Missing pages 18-19

Official Zoning Resolution County Commissioners Zoning District No. 5 for Volusia County, Florida

Volusia County, Florida Official zoning resolution, County Commissioners District #5 Volusia County, Florida. Prepared by George W. Simons, Jr. & Assoc., Planning Consultants. Jacksonville, Fla. : Simons, 1964

Robert H. Crist and Jack L. Williams, dba Oak Hill School v. Mapleton City, a Body Corporate and Politic of the State of Utah, and Paul Cherrington : Brief of Appellant

Appeal from the Judgment of Fourth District Court in and for Utah County, The Honorable Maurice Harding presidin

The Shaker Village

The Shaker faith is estimated to have had a total of fewer than 20,000 members across its 250-year history, yet more than 100,000 people visit the various Shaker villages and museums scattered across the eastern United States every year. We are still fascinated with the world of the Shakers, and authentic examples of Shaker architecture, furniture, and crafts are prized wherever they remain. In The Shaker Village, author and photographer Raymond Bial brings readers the history of the Shaker religion and an examination of the Shaker way of life, which was based on cooperation and self-sufficiency. Each Shaker village was built with the goal of creating a heaven on earth for its inhabitants. The Shaker people were among the first in America to apply science and new learning directly to traditional farming and homekeeping. They invented or improved significantly upon designs of many farm and household items, including some still used today: the flat broom, the slotted spoon, the circular saw, and the idea of selling gardening seeds in packets. Although each Shaker community was self-supporting, the Shakers’ success at applying their core values—simplicity, utility, and tranquility—carried Shaker villages to a point of abundance: they were able to export their beautiful furniture, delicious foods, and superior wares to the outside world, where they have been appreciated ever since. The Shaker Village is generously illustrated with Bial’s evocative photographs of buildings and artifacts from the Shaker Village of Pleasant Hill, Kentucky, one of the largest and best-preserved Shaker sites. The Shaker movement reached its peak in the mid-nineteenth century. Membership began to drop with the onset of the Civil War, and as the new promise of industrialization began to take hold in America, Shaker numbers steadily dwindled. Although the Shaker religion has all but departed, The Shaker Village captures a revelatory glimpse of a legacy that still resounds with modern Americans. Raymond Bial has published more than eighty books of photographs, including Amish Home and Mist over the Mountains: Appalachia and Its People. “Mirroring the simplicity and elegance of a Shaker chair, this book captures the sprit of a very special people. It is an eloquent introduction to the history and philosophy of the United Society of Believers in Christ’s Second Appearing, commonly known as the Shakers. After relating the founding of the sect and discussing the ideals that guided (and still guide) the lives of its members, Bial details both dialing living and worship. His enthusiasm for his subject truly shines in his discussion of their workshops and marvelous creations, inventions, and innovations. With one look at the flat broom, clothes pins, oval boxes, furniture, and architecture, readers will fully understand the shaker belief that, \u27Anything may be called perfect which perfectly answers the purpose for which it was designed.’ The author’s exquisite full-color photographs, taken at The Shaker Village of Pleasant Hill, Kentucky, reflect the clean lines of the people’s art and architecture as well as the order of their lives. —School Library Journal “Similar in format to the author-photographer’s Amish Home, this handsome volume introduces the traditional Shaker way of life in a thoughtful text and well-composed, full-color photographs. Focusing on the Shaker Village of Pleasant Hill, Kentucky, the pictures show the buildings, fields, seeds, tools, and furniture of the people who live there. With no one in sight, the beautifully lit photos use the Shakers’ surrounding to express the integrity and simplicity of their ways. From the origins of the sect of their beliefs activities, clothing, inventiveness, skills, and humanity, the text describes the people as they lived, worked, and changed. To Bial’s credit, he’s made a book with as much integrity as his subject. —Booklist “An appreciation of one of America’s most significant communal groups. Bial perfectly reflects the Shaker ideal of functional simplicity in his summation of the Shakers’ origins, mode of life, and devotion to productive work (their legacy includes such sensible inventions as the flat broom, the hay rake, and the slotted spoon as well as the clean-lined furniture that has come to command such high prices as to distress the few remaining Shakers.) Like his lucid text, the author’s beautifully composed, uncaptioned color photos—neatly framed in fine rule—have a grace and clarity that echo the Shakers’ open, light-filled buildings. An excellent introduction to a group whose ingenuity and striving for perfection have had an impact disproportionate to its small membership. —Kirkus Reviews “Bial is a master at recreating the historical and philosophical contexts of the objects he photographs. Bial does justice to the community by devoting as much space to the Shakers’ religious beliefs as to their art and inventions. He shows how the simplicity of Shaker furniture grew out of the Shakers’ desire to live a plain life. —Greenbelt Interfaith News “Bial tells the story of the Shaker people with straightforward language and remarkable photography. —The Manchester Enterprise “For readers needing a reliable summary of Shaker belief and customs, this book will deliver—with beautiful views of Kentucky’s precious treasure: the restored Pleasant Hill. —Karl Lietzenmayer, Northern Kentucky Heritage “Raymond Bial’s latest book offers a wonderful introduction to Shaker belief, history, and lifestyle. Highly recommended for all libraries. —Nancy Richey, WKU “Anyone interested in the history of Shakers . . . should have this book. The book is an easy resource introduction for those who want to know more about the Shakers without having to read a long reference book. —The Harrodsburg Herald “Though this is an excellent introductory volume for children or young adults, its appeal will not be limited by age. The familiar 18th-century Shaker song Tis a Gift To Be Simple\u27 ably describes this delightful book. Highly recommended. —Library Journal “[Bial’s] eye for color, depth and contrast do an excellent job of capturing the life of the community. —Bowling Green Daily Newshttps://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_christian_denominations_and_sects/1005/thumbnail.jp